Sleepy Hollow (film)

Sleepy Hollow

Original movie poster
Directed by Tim Burton
Produced by Scott Rudin
Adam Schroeder
Francis Ford Coppola
Larry J. Franco
Written by Washington Irving (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
Kevin Yagher (screen story)
Andrew Kevin Walker (screen story and screenplay)
Tom Stoppard (uncredited)
Starring Johnny Depp
Christina Ricci
Miranda Richardson
Michael Gambon
Casper Van Dien
Jeffrey Jones
Christopher Lee
Richard Griffiths
Ian McDiarmid
Michael Gough
Christopher Walken
Music by Danny Elfman
Cinematography Emmanuel Lubezki
Editing by Chris Lebenzon
Joel Negron
Studio Mandalay Pictures
American Zoetrope
Distributed by Paramount Pictures (US)
Pathé (UK)
Release date(s) November 19, 1999
Running time 105 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $70,000,000[1]
Gross revenue $207,068,340

Sleepy Hollow is a 1999 American period horror film directed by Tim Burton. Based on the Washington Irving story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the film stars Johnny Depp, Christina Ricci, Sir Michael Gambon, Miranda Richardson, Casper Van Dien, Jeffrey Jones, Ian McDiarmid, Michael Gough, Richard Griffiths and Christopher Walken. The story centers on police constable Ichabod Crane sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village Sleepy Hollow by a mysterious Headless Horseman. The style and themes of the story take inspirations from the late Hammer Film Productions.

Sleepy Hollow had been in development since 1994 and was originally intended to be directed by Kevin Yagher. The film labored into development far enough for Burton, who had unsuccessfully worked on Superman Lives, to direct. The majority of the filming took place in England where the crew built an entire soundstage. Sleepy Hollow was released to box office success and critical acclaim, grossing roughly $207 million worldwide.

Contents

Plot

The film opens with the signing and sealing of a testament. Next, Old van Garrett, a landlord from Sleepy Hollow, is pursued and beheaded by a mysterious person.

In 1799, New York City police constable Ichabod Crane is trying to convince people to use scientific methods instead of torture to convict people, in the spirit of a dawning new century. Finally, a judge lets him test out his theories in Sleepy Hollow, a small town which has suffered three murders in two weeks. The victims have all been decapitated. Crane arrives in Sleepy Hollow, which is guarded and suspicious toward strangers. As he walks inside the Van Tassel's manor, he interrupts a game where blindfolded Katrina, the Van Tassel daughter, picks someone to kiss. She picks Ichabod and tries to guess who he is. Ichabod tells her he is just a stranger, and she gives him a kiss on the cheek to welcome him, making her fiancee Brom jealous.

The town elders - next to Baltus van Tassel, these include Magistrate Phillips, Notary Hardenbrooke, Reverend Steenwyck and Doctor Lancaster - tell Crane a story about a bloodthirsty Hessian mercenary with sharpened teeth who had fought in the Revolutionary War and became notorious for his penchant of beheading people. Twenty years previously, not far from Sleepy Hollow, he was ambushed by Continental troops and his horse shot down. On foot, he was losing the officers when he ran into two little girls collecting wood. He tried to tell them to be quiet, but one of them took a stick and snapped it, and the officers caught up with him. During the battle the Hessian was stabbed, beheaded by his own sword and buried. Ever since, the elders claim that the burial site, the western woods, are haunted, but Crane dismisses the story and begins his own investigation.

During the night, Jonathan Masbeth, who is standing guard, hears the horseman coming and tries shooting at him, but fails and is at length beheaded. After Masbeth's funeral, Crane meets Masbeth's son, now orphaned, who wants to join Ichabod and help avenge his father. Ichabod politely declines until Magistrates Philips tells him that there are five bodies in four graves, whereupon Crane and young Masbeth dig up the graves of Van Garrett and his son, Widow Winship, and old Masbeth. While performing an autopsy on Widow Winship, Ichabod discovers that she was pregnant when she was killed.

Later that night, as he is riding Gunpowder, his borrowed horse, a horseman appears with a flaming pumpkin chases Crane through the forest and finally throws the pumpkin at him, knocking him off his horse. He gallops by, and it is revealed that it was Brom playing a prank. Ichabod then faints and has a dream about his mother, in which she draws strange symbols, and his father, a harsh minister. Ichabod wakes and finds Katrina reading a book. She tells him some of the family's history before giving him a book about magic, telling Ichabod to keep the book close to his heart, as it will protect him. Katrina takes Ichabod to her family's old cottage and carelessly draws a magical symbol in the accumulated dirt in the fireplace, startling him.

That night, Ichabod sees Philips trying to run away. Ichabod catches up and learns Phillips knew the identity of the widow's lover and the father of the unborn child, and is now terrified that the horseman will come after him next. Ichabod tries to talk him out of it, saying that there is no horseman, but then the Horseman gallops out of the woods and kills Philips. The head rolls towards Ichabod, but instead of killing him, the Horseman simply grabs the head and gallops away. Terrified, Ichabod faints.

The next morning, Ichabod is still in deep shock from his first brush with the supernatural, and the townspeople assume he will return to New York. Ichabod dreams again of his mother, an argument between his parents, and an iron, coffin-like object. Regaining his senses, Ichabod sets out for the western woods with young Masbeth, the only person volunteering to accompany him, to find the Horseman's grave. In the woods, Ichabod decides that the murders must be connected, whereupon Masbeth tells him that his family worked for the van Garretts, and there was a fight between the elder van Garrett and his son about a week before the murder.

Ichabod and Masbeth find a small cottage hidden inside a cave. Inside is a veiled woman, whom they ask for information. She grabs Ichabod, chains herself to the wall and starts a dark magic rite, babbling that 'the other' is coming. As Ichabod touches her, her veil flies back, revealing that the crone is under a demonic possession, and she tells him where to find the Horseman's grave. Upon continuing their search, Ichabod and Masbeth encounter Katrina, who has decided to help Ichabod. They are about to kiss when Masbeth finds the Tree of the Dead, the place where the Horseman was buried. Noticing something oozing off the bark, Ichabod chops at the tree, blood splattering onto him, and finds a cache of heads the Horseman has taken. He climbs further up and digs, finding the Horseman's headless skeleton, but notices that the skull is not inside the grave.

Right after this revelation, the Horseman jumps out of the tree, rides to the village and enters a house, killing a family of three. Brom hears the commotion and shoots the horseman, who simply stands up again. Brom refuses to stop fighting the Horseman, despite Ichabod's pleas. Finally they run away, but the Horseman pursues them, stabbing Ichabod and killing Brom. Ichabod miraculously survives, however, and after recovery declares that the Horseman does not kill at random, but that someone is coercing him to do so. While sleeping again, Ichabod dreams again about his parents and is finally able to understand that his dreams are actually a long-buried childhood trauma from when he was seven years old: His father had killed his mother upon the suspicion that she was a witch by stuffing her into an iron maiden; upon the shock of discovering her dead, Ichabod had inadvertently injured his hands upon the spikes of a chair of agony, leaving his palms permanently marked. Upon waking, he tells Katrina that he has now found her love to comfort him.

The next day, the Lady van Tassel tells Ichabod that the servant girl has vanished. Musing and scribbling down clues in his notebook, Masbeth and Ichabod realise that the Horseman is killing the people connected to the person who stole his skull, with Baltus van Tassel as the main suspect. They visit Notary Hardenbrooke, but find the notary in panic and the satchel of Masbeth's father which holds the last will and testament of van Garrett, which left everything to widow Winship. Ichabod realises the person who would benefit from this is Baltus van Tassel, as he would be next to inherit.

Upon Ichabod's return, Katrina is in his room, having read the clues he has scribbled down and now feeling bitter about him and his (as she claims) unwarranted suspicions. Ichabod dismisses Katrina, who watches him put the evidence away before leaving. Suddenly, a spider appears, and the frightened Ichabod orders Masbeth to kill it. It crawls under the bed, and when the bed is dragged away, there is a drawing in pink chalk, which they assume to be a symbol of dark magic.

That night, Ichabod sees a figure leave the house. It is revealed to be Lady van Tassel having sex with one of the officials and slicing her hand. Upon return, Ichabod realises the evidence is gone, and the next morning he finds Katrina, who has taken all the evidence and burnt it. At the house, Lady van Tassel reveals that she knows Ichabod saw her the previous night, and then Baltus bursts in, announcing that Hardenbrooke hung himself in the night. Sleepy Hollow has a town meeting in the church, and Ichabod is advised to leave, as the mood in town is now certainly hostile towards him.

That night, as the townspeople gather in the church, Baltus comes running, telling Katrina that the Horseman killed her stepmother as she was gathering herbs. The townspeople all rush to get inside the church as the Horseman rides towards them, but he is unable to step upon sacred ground. Inside, pandemonium reigns as the remaining officials want to sacrifice Baltus. As truths are threatened to be revealed, Doctor Lancaster is clubbed to death by Reverend Steenwyck, who is then accidentally shot by Baltus. Finally, Baltus yells that there is a conspiracy, but before he can reveal it, the horseman throws a picket at him, impaling him and dragging him to outside the church grounds, where he is beheaded. Katrina faints, and it is shown that she has just drawn a magical symbol upon the church floor identical to the one Ichabod has found in his room.

Ichabod regretfully decides to leave Sleepy Hollow, with young Masbeth and Katrina being sorry to see him go. As he leaves the town, he passes Lady van Tassel's body being carried into a building. Leafing through the book Katrina gave him, Ichabod finds to his startlement that the 'evil' sign she has been drawing is actually a protection spell. He returns immediately to Sleepy Hollow and checks out 'Lady van Tassel's' body and realizes that the cut on the hand has not congealed at all, meaning that the victim was dead before being cut. Meanwhile, Katrina is mourning Ichabod's leaving when her stepmother appears alive from the shadows, and she faints.

As Ichabod rushes to Katrina's rescue, Lady van Tassel summons the Headless Horseman and tells Katrina that the body the townspeople had believed to be hers was in fact the missing servant girl's. Lady van Tassel then tells Katrina (and young Masbeth, who had noticed Katrina's abduction, followed her and now listens from the shadows) her story: When her father, a man by the name of Archer, died, the landlord van Garrett evicted his family from their cottage. No one would take them in, as her mother was suspected of witchcraft, while the van Tassels took the Archer cottage. Her mother died within the year, leaving her twin girls to survive in the woods, where they witnessed the Hessian's death. When she had mastered the witchcraft skills taught by her mother, Lady van Tassel used them to raise the Horseman from the dead to carry out her revenge, entered the van Garrett residence as a nurse, where she slowly killed Katrina's mother, and married Baltus. She then proceeded to use the Horseman to kill the people she has been wronged by, including her sister (the witch in the cave) for the help she has rendered to Ichabod, or who would stand in her way of claiming the van Tassel inheritance - including Katrina. Widow Winship was murdered because the child she carried was sired in her affair with Baltus van Tassel.

Ichabod arrives just in time to save Katrina and young Masbeth from the Horseman, and after a harrowing chase they arrive at the Tree of the Dead. Lady van Tassel, who has foreseen their plan, shoots Ichabod in the chest with a pistol, and Katrina is easily caught by the horseman. But the shot has hit and was stopped by Katrina's spell book Ichabod had kept in his breast pocket, just like the Hessian's sword in their earlier confrontation. Ichabod realises Lady van Tassel has the skull in her bag, and they wrestle for the skull until Masbeth hits Lady van Tassel with a piece of wood, allowing Ichabod to grab it. Just before the Horseman beheads Katrina, Ichabod returns the skull to him, and the Horseman's head is restored. The Horseman pulls Lady van Tassel onto his horse and returns back to Hell, taking his tormentor with him. Following the resolution of the case, Ichabod, Katrina and Masbeth leave for New York to start a new life together.

Cast

Christopher Lee, Alun Armstrong, Martin Landau (previously won an Academy Award on Tim Burton's Ed Wood), Peter Guinness and Burton's then fiancée Lisa Marie are all involved in cameos. Lee is credited as "Burgomaster" and is seen in the beginning of the film as a city official who convinces Ichabod Crane to transfer to the small village of Sleepy Hollow. Alun Armstrong is credited as "High Constable". Landau portrays Peter Van Garrett with no dialogue and is murdered by The Headless Horseman in the opening scene. Lisa Marie is credited as "Lady Crane", Ichabod's mother; flashbacks reveal that she was involved in witchcraft and later murdered by her husband, Ichabod's father, whom Ichabod later refers to as having hidden "behind a mask of righteousness", even viewing him as the Headless Horseman at a certain angle. Peter Guinness portrays Ichabod's father and is credited as "Lord Crane".

Production

In 1994, make-up effects designer Kevin Yagher who had turned to directing with HBO's Tales from the Crypt had the notion to adapt Washington Irving's short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow into a feature film. Through his agent, Yagher was introduced to Andrew Kevin Walker, a young writer whose spec script Se7en had recently been well received by film studios, although had yet to be produced. Yagher and Walker spent several months working on a treatment which they subsequently pitched to various film studios.[8]

The two secured a deal with producer Scott Rudin, who sold the project to Paramount Pictures. The deal called for Yagher to direct with Walker scripting; the pair would share story credit. For a variety of reasons, the project went through the development hell process and looked as if the film would never be produced, but in the summer of 1998 the film was brought back into Hollywood film circles. Tim Burton who had previously worked on the now canceled Superman Lives project was looking to direct a horror film for the first time in his career, as he was a big fan of the genre. Rudin and his producing partner Adam Schroeder felt the script to be a perfect vehicle for Burton and the deal was signed, as Burton was very much impressed with the script,[8] and the characterization of Ichabod Crane.[9]

Burton was excited to be working with Rudin, a studio executive he first met when he brought Edward Scissorhands to 20th Century Fox. Burton felt him to be "intelligent, eccentric and a good, strong producer that comes in handy".[10] Rudin stated the financial failure of Mars Attacks! never crossed his mind when considering Burton, commenting "Sometimes I think it's good to get someone whose last film didn't do well, because they're a little hungrier for a hit. Although Sleepy Hollow is a big film, it doesn't need to be Batman or Superman; no one's life is going to be made or destroyed based on how well it does, which can be creatively freeing."[11] Burton was looking forward to do the film in a manner of stop motion visual effects, rather than use an excessive amount of computer-generated imagery, which he had used for Mars Attacks![7]

For unknown reasons, Tom Stoppard was hired to write a "production polish" and would remain uncredited by the Writers Guild of America.[8] Stoppard's rewrite showcased more comedic aspects of Ichabod Crane and focused more on his romance with Katrina Van Tassel.[11] Walker's previous draft had Ichabod as a schoolteacher for his profession which was similar to Irving's original short story.[6] Although Francis Ford Coppola is credited as executive producer, Burton only became aware of Coppola's involvement during the editing process when he was sent a copy of the film's trailer and saw Coppola's name on it.[10]

The original intention had been to shoot Sleepy Hollow predominantly on location, and towns were scouted throughout upstate New York and the Hudson Valley (including Sleepy Hollow itself), and Sturbridge, Massachusetts.[12] According to production designer Rick Heinrichs, the film was to have a $30,000,000 production budget at the time. The idea to film in these areas was dropped as the filmmakers felt "[the locations] were not expressive enough".[13] Using a number of Dutch colonial villages and period town recreations was considered as well. But when no suitable existing location could be found, coupled with a lack of readily available studio space in the New York area needed to house the production's large number of sets, they were forced to look elsewhere. Rudin said, "We came to England figuring we would find a perfect little town, and then we had to build it anyway." Filming began on November 20, 1998 and lasted until April 1999. This included a month-long location shoot at Lime Tree Valley on the Hambleden estate near Marlow, Buckinghamshire, where the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed around a small duck pond in a style production designer Rich Heinrichs termed "colonial expression by way of Dr. Seuss". Burton took the idea of filming in Lime Tree Valley as it reminded him of Hudson Valley.[12] Although most of the movie's settings were built, some of its scenes were filmed in Concord, Massachusetts.

Design

"One of the things we were trying to do was inspire a sense of scary portentousness in the village. I think it's different from Irving's Sleepy Hollow, which is described as a dozing Dutch farm community. If our Sleepy Hollow is asleep, it's a fitful sort of sleep, with nightmares."
— Production designer Rick Heinrichs on the design of Sleepy Hollow[14]

The various Hammer Film Productions as viewed by Burton in his childhood were a key inspiration for the design of the film. Mario Bava's Black Sunday also was looked upon as well. While the production team was always going to build a substantial number of sets, the decision was taken early on that to fulfill Burton's vision best would necessitate shooting the movie in a totally controlled environment, which meant that all the interiors and virtually all of the exteriors, other than those shot on location at Lime Tree Valley and a few other brief scenes, would be shot on stages at Leavesden. Some studio work took place at Shepperton Studios, where the "Tree of the Dead" set was built. In total, 99% of the film was filmed on sets.[15]

The cast and crew often said "The feeling one had walking around Sleepy Hollow's sets, and in particular the town at Lime Tree, was almost as if you were walking around the inside of Burton's head."[15] Most of the production and design crew on Sleepy Hollow previously worked with Burton on Batman. The director decided to use the same workers claiming "people from England are true artists who know what they are doing".[2] It was decided to use stop motion animation for most of the visual effects instead of relying upon computer generated imagery. Burton recalled, "One day we wanted a shot of a figure going through the apple orchard. So we had somebody get a doll and the wardrobe department, in fifteen minutes, made up a little cape for the figure and we wired the little figure through the apple orchard."[15]

The "Tree of the Dead" as designed by Keith Short[16]

Burton hired Emmanuel Lubezki as the cinematographer upon viewing his work on A Little Princess. Initially Burton and Lunezki contemplated shooting the film in black and white and in the old square Academy ratio. When that proved unfeasible, they opted for an almost monochromatic effect which would enhance the fantasy aspect and make the "unreal believable".[2] Production designer Heinrichs had hoped to build the windmill set piece as a single practical structure that could supply both interior and exterior settings. But safety concerns and the desire to maintain a controlled theatrical environment made Heinrichs decide on a combination of several interior and exterior sets, full-scale and miniature.[14]

The crew built a 60-foot-tall forced-perspective exterior (visible to highway travelers miles away), a base and rooftop set and a quarter-scale miniature. The interior of the mill, which was about 30-feet high and 25-feet wide, featured wooden gears equipped with mechanisms for grinding flour. A wider view of the windmill was rendered on a Leavesden soundstage set with a quarter-scale windmill, complete with rotating vanes, painted sky backdrop and special-effects fire. The actors would literally have burning wood exploding towards them. The flight shed interior served as the staging ground for the chase sequence between Ichabod, Katrina and Masbath in pursuit of the Headless Horseman. The hangar's interior walls were knocked down to create a 450-foot run, with a 40-foot width still allowing for coach and cameras. Heinrichs tailored the sets so Lubezki could shoot from above without seeing the end of the stage.[14]

Themes

Ichabod Crane can be seen as an outsider to both the town of Sleepy Hollow, and his counterparts at his profession in New York City. Burton claimed this was another one of many influences to Hammer Film Productions with actors Vincent Price and Peter Cushing. The director said:

“ You see that they're intelligent, but you don't really know what's going on with them. There's some mystery to who they really are. You feel their aloneness, you feel like they don't socialize much, that they're having some problems, are somewhat tormented, are somewhat living inside their own head. That's why you relate to them.[9] ”

Reception

Based on 102 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, Sleepy Hollow received an average 73% overall approval rating;[17] the film was more balanced with the 27 critics in Rotten Tomatoes' "Cream of the Crop", which consists of popular and notable critics from the top newspapers, websites, television and radio programs,[18] receiving a 70% approval rating.[19] By comparison, Metacritic calculated an average score of 65 from 35 reviews.[20]

The film was so criticized for its amount of violence and bloodshed that Burton had to defend the film in a public interview.[21] To this day, Burton feels he received some of the best reviews of his career on Sleepy Hollow.[10] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a highly positive review, praising the amount of violence which he also felt perfectly suited Burton's style. He also felt the humor was delivered and written with good timing, and praised the production design and Emmanuel Lubezki's cinematography.[22]

Box office

Sleepy Hollow was a moderate success at the box office, earning almost three times its production budget. The film had an opening weekend gross of $30,060,467, placing it second overall for that weekend. It ended with a domestic gross of $101,068,340, coupled with an international intake of $106,000,000 bringing the total gross to $207,068,340.

Awards and accolades

Sleepy Hollow also won many awards. Art director Rick Heinrichs and set decorator Peter Young won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction at the 72nd Academy Awards,[23] and both Heinrichs and costume designer Colleen Atwood were awarded at the BAFTAs.[24] The film also won the Saturn Awards for Best Actress (Christina Ricci) and Best Score (Danny Elfman),[25] five Satellite Awards,[26] and honors from the Art Directors and Costume Designers Guilds.[27][28]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1999/SLEPH.php The Numbers
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Salisbury, Burton, p.176
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Salisbury, Burton, p.177-8
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Salisbury, Burton, p.179
  5. ↑ "Johnny Depp on playing Ichabod Crane in Sleepy Hollow". Entertainment Weekly. May 2007. http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20035285_20035355_20039648_4,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-25. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bornin, Liane (1999-11-19). "Depp Be Not Proud". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,84809,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Salisbury, Burton, p.180-1
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Salisbury, Mark; Burton, Tim (2000). Burton on Burton. Faber and Faber. pp. 164–5. ISBN 0-57120-507-0. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Salisbury, Burton, p.167-8
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Salisbury, Burton, p.182-3
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Nashawaty, Chris (1999-11-19). "A Head of Its Time". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,271744,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-25. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Salisbury, Burton, p.169
  13. ↑ Calhoun, John (1999-11-10). "Headless in Sleepy Hollow". Entertainment Design. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Abbott, Denise (2000-02-29). "Nightmare By Design". The Hollywood Reporter. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Salisbury, Burton, p.170-5
  16. ↑ "Sleepy Hollow". KeithShortSculptor.com. http://www.keithshortsculptor.com/sleepyhollow3.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 
  17. ↑ "Sleepy Hollow". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sleepy_hollow/. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  18. ↑ "Rotten Tomatoes FAQ: What is Cream of the Crop". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/pages/faq#creamofthecrop. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  19. ↑ "Sleepy Hollow: Rotten Tomatoes' Cream of the Crop". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sleepy_hollow/?critic=creamcrop. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  20. ↑ "Sleepy Hollow (1999): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/sleepyhollow?q=Sleepy%20Hollow. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  21. ↑ Bornin, Liane (1999-12-02). "Little Shot of Horror". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,84834,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 
  22. ↑ Turan, Kenneth (1999-11-19). "Sleepy Hollow". Los Angeles Times. http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-movie000406-129,0,7199568.story. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 
  23. ↑ "Oscar winners in full". BBC. 2000-03-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/entertainment/2000/oscars_2000/691746.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 
  24. ↑ "Full list of Bafta winners". BBC. 2000-04-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/707592.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 
  25. ↑ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 
  26. ↑ "2000 4th Annual SATELLITE Awards". International Press Academy. http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards2000.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 
  27. ↑ "4th Annual Excellence in Production Design Awards". Art Directors Guild. http://www.adg.org/?art=1999_award. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 
  28. ↑ "COSTUME DESIGNERS GUILD AWARDS 1999". Costume Designers Guild. http://www.costumedesignersguild.com/cdg-awards-archive.asp?yid=1999. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 

Bibliography

External links

Tim Burton
Director
Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985) · Beetlejuice (1988) · Batman (1989) · Edward Scissorhands (1990) · Batman Returns (1992) · Ed Wood (1994) · Mars Attacks! (1996) · Sleepy Hollow (1999) · Planet of the Apes (2001) · Big Fish (2003) · Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) · Corpse Bride (2005) · Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) · Alice in Wonderland (2010) · Frankenweenie (2012)
Producer
Edward Scissorhands (1990) · Batman Returns (1992) · The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) · Cabin Boy (1994) · Ed Wood (1994) · Batman Forever (1995) · James and the Giant Peach (1996) · Mars Attacks! (1996) · The World of Stainboy (2000) · Corpse Bride (2005) · 9 (2009)
Short films
The Island of Doctor Agor (1971) · Stalk of the Celery Monster (1979) · Vincent (1982) · Frankenweenie (1984)
Literature
Burton on Burton, edited by Mark Salisbury (1995, revised editions 2000, 2006) · The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories (1997) · The Art of Tim Burton, written by Leah Gallo (2009)
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving
Characters
Ichabod Crane • The Headless Horseman • Katrina Van Tassel
In film and television
The Headless Horseman (1922) • The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) • The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980) • The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999) • Sleepy Hollow (1999) • The Hollow (2004)
On stage
Sleepy Hollow (1948 musical)
See also
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery • Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow • Sleepy Hollow, New York
Related people